In boost to Kurds, Iraq moves to recognize Halabja as a province – analysis

"We see this historic step as a long-awaited justice and a positive step towards achieving justice," said President Abdul Latif Rashid.

 A woman holds the flag of Kurdistan during the celebration of Nowruz Day, a festival marking the first day of spring and Persian New Year, in Akra, Iraq March 20, 2025.  (photo credit: REUTERS/Khalid Al-Mousily TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)
A woman holds the flag of Kurdistan during the celebration of Nowruz Day, a festival marking the first day of spring and Persian New Year, in Akra, Iraq March 20, 2025.
(photo credit: REUTERS/Khalid Al-Mousily TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)

The Iraqi parliament voted this week on a law recognizing Halabja as a province in Iraq. The law passed, which was the final step in creating this new, primarily Kurdish province, which is an important symbol for Kurds.

This also means that Iraq will now have 19 provinces in total. The Regions and Governorates Committee submitted the draft. The office of Iraq’s president said that the move was a “historic step, a long-awaited recognition, a deserved entitlement, and a positive step toward achieving justice and honoring the blood of the martyrs.”

In 1988, president Saddam Hussein’s regime used poison gas in an attack on Halabja, killing thousands of people. It was part of the wider Anfal genocide plan enacted against the Kurds in Iraq by Saddam’s regime.

Halabja is a Kurdish area in northern Iraq. Rudaw, a Kurdish news channel, reported on Tuesday that “Kurdish leaders and officials on Monday hailed the recognition of Halabja as Iraq’s 19th province as a long-overdue act of justice and a tribute to the city’s sacrifices.”

According to Rudaw, Iraqi President Abdul Latif Rashid, who is Kurdish, sent his “warmest congratulations to our people in Halabja province on the occasion of the esteemed parliament’s approval of the law granting Halabja provincial status.”

 Iraqi Kurds on Saturday marked the 26th anniversary of the chemical attack on the northern Iraqi city of Halabja by Saddam Hussein's forces. Up to 5,000 people may have been killed by chemical gas, villages were razed and thousands of Kurds were forced into camps during the 1988 Anfal genocide. (credit: REUTERS/STRINGER IRAN)
Iraqi Kurds on Saturday marked the 26th anniversary of the chemical attack on the northern Iraqi city of Halabja by Saddam Hussein's forces. Up to 5,000 people may have been killed by chemical gas, villages were razed and thousands of Kurds were forced into camps during the 1988 Anfal genocide. (credit: REUTERS/STRINGER IRAN)

Step towards justice

“We see this historic step as a long-awaited justice and a positive step toward achieving justice and retribution for the blood of the martyrs who fell in the most heinous crime known to modern history,” Rashid said.

The law has been in the works for many years. Back in 2013, the Iraqi Council of Ministers approved the proposal. The Kurdistan Regional Government of northern Iraq, which is autonomous, has viewed Halabja as a province since 2014. In 2018, Iraq’s Interior Ministry moved forward to support this status.

On Monday, the Kurdistan Region’s president, Nechirvan Barzani, spoke about the importance of Halabja and its becoming a province, saying that this was “a source of great joy for us and all the people of Kurdistan.”

He hoped “for a better life, development, reconstruction, and progress for Halabja in all areas.”

Barzani added, “We had already begun the process of recognizing it as the fourth province in the Kurdistan Region.”

The Office of the First Lady of Iraq put out a statement about the decision. “Today is a historic and long-overdue moment for the people of Halabja. With the passage of this bill, the Iraqi parliament has taken a just and conscientious step – formally recognizing Halabja as Iraq’s 19th province.

“This is more than an administrative decision; it is an acknowledgment of the sacrifices of the people of Halabja and the justice they have long awaited,” the statement read.

“The scars of the 1988 chemical attack remain, but today marks the beginning of a new chapter – one of recognition, rights, and the promise of a better future. As spring arrives, the people of Halabja welcome this long-awaited recognition, embracing it as a symbol of renewal and hope,” it said.

The decision comes as Kurds continue to mourn the Anfal genocide and seek answers from that dark era.

Rudaw also reported on Tuesday that “two Swedish Members of Parliament from the Social Democrats political party, Ola Moller and Kadir Kasirga, on Monday attended a memorial ceremony for victims of the Anfal campaign in the Duhok province, north of the Kurdistan Region.”

Another article on Tuesday said that “survivors of the Anfal genocide campaign and their families on Monday marked its 37th anniversary by calling on authorities to return the remains of their loved ones and provide long-overdue compensation, as commemorations were held across the Kurdistan Region.”