Best Pre-Workout: Top Supplements for 2024 Ranked & Reviewed

Discover the best pre-workout supplements to maximize your gains and overall fitness. XWERKS Ignite is the best overall, but there are 5 more for every need.

  (photo credit: FitLiving graphics team)
(photo credit: FitLiving graphics team)

If you consistently feel fatigued before workouts or are an elite athlete aiming for peak performance, pre-workout supplements might be worth exploring. There are countless options online, but we’ve narrowed them down to just 7.

While XWERKS Ignite took the #1 spot on our list, the best pre-workout for you will depend on your preferences and fitness goals, so keep reading to find out. We’ve highlighted who and what each supplement is best for, making it easy for you to make an informed choice.

Best Pre-Workout Supplements in 2024 at a Glance

  1. XWERKS Ignite Pre-Workout - Best pre-workout overall
  2. Crazy Nutrition Intensive Pre-Train - Best for energy and focus
  3. Blackwolf Pre-Workout - Best pre-workout for muscle gain and recovery
  4. Transparent Labs Stim-Free Pre-Workout - Best caffeine-free pre-workout
  5. Transparent Labs Preseries LEAN Pre-Workout - Best pre-workout for weight loss
  6. Performance Lab Pre Lab Pro - Fast results
  7. Naked Nutrition’s Naked Energy Pre-Workout - Best for vegans

1. XWERKS Ignite Pre-Workout - Best Pre-Workout Overall

  (credit: FitLiving graphics team)
(credit: FitLiving graphics team)

Caffeine Per Dose: 150 mg

Cost Per Dosage: $1.63

Pros

  • Made with vegan-friendly ingredients
  • Available in appealing flavors such as orange, green apple, and blue raspberry
  • Includes nootropics to boost mental focus
  • Enhances work capacity and muscular endurance
  • Formulated using scientifically validated ingredients

Cons

  • Shipping times may be slower than expected

Key Features of XWERKS Ignite

XWERKS Ignite stands out as a top-tier pre-workout supplement. It’s designed to boost your overall performance. You’ll notice it doesn’t just give you a quick jolt of energy; it supports steady energy, better stamina, and sharper focus, all without the crash that often follows a challenging workout.

Who Is XWERKS Ignite Best For?

If you’re into fitness or sports and want a pre-workout that has no adverse effects on your body, XWERKS Ignite may be your best pick. It’s perfect for those who want to boost their workout energy with as little downsides as possible.

Key Ingredients

  • 150 mg Caffeine: May enhance power output and cardiovascular performance.
  • 1.5 g & 2 g Beta-Alanine & L-Citrulline Malate: Increase muscular endurance and decrease fatigue. [1]
  • 2 g L-Tyrosine: May alleviate stress and mental fatigue, improving workout intensity.
  • 500 mg Rhodiola Rosea & DMAE: May boost mental performance and cognitive function.
  • 10 mg & 1.5 mg Vitamin B6 & B12: These B vitamins may assist in maintaining energy levels and supporting neurological activity.

Dosage

Take 1 serving 20-30 minutes before your workout.

Feedback From Users

A user on Amazon raved about the perfect energy boost and that satisfying beta-alanine tingle (you know, the good kind!) [2]. Another praised the consistent energy and focus without the dreaded crash but mentioned feeling a bit queasy afterward and complained about the price tag [3]. A customer loved the product but wasn’t thrilled when their order arrived damaged, losing a chunk of the precious powder [4].

>>Try XWERKS Ignite Pre-Workout now

2. Crazy Nutrition Intensive Pre-Train - Best for Energy and Focus

Caffeine Per Dose: 200 mg

Cost Per Dosage: $2.16

  (credit: FitLiving graphics team)
(credit: FitLiving graphics team)

Pros

  • Suitable for vegans and vegetarians
  • Formulated with 13 potent ingredients
  • Available in 3 delicious flavors
  • Enhances your pump and drive
  • Provides intense energy and focus

Cons

  • Limited to 3 flavor choices

Key Features of Crazy Nutrition Intensive Pre-Train

Crazy Nutrition Intensive Pre-Train packs a punch with 13 potent ingredients. It’s designed to give athletes the boost they need for top-notch performance with virtually no side effects, such as jitters or stomach issues.

Who Is Crazy Nutrition Intensive Pre-Train Best For?

It’s ideal for athletes of all fitness levels looking to improve their game. No matter your sport or training preference, Crazy Nutrition Intensive Pre-Train is the key to unlocking more energy and sharper focus.

Key Ingredients 

  • 2.4 g Beta-Alanine: May reduce muscle fatigue during workouts.
  • 1 g Taurine: May support metabolism and overall energy levels.
  • 7 g Citrulline Malate: Enhances endurance and promotes improved blood flow. [1]
  • 300 mg KSM-66® Ashwagandha: Increases stress resistance and provides an energy boost.
  • 200 mg Caffeine: Boosts alertness and enhances focus.
  • 100 mg & 5 mg EnXtra® and Piperine: May improve absorption and effectiveness of other ingredients.

Dosage

Take 1 scoop of Crazy Nutrition Intensive Pre-Train with 10-14 oz of water 30 minutes before your workout.

Feedback From Users

Happy users on the official website love the solid pump during workouts, with no jitters or crashes—plus, the taste gets a thumbs-up, too. Folks feel energized from start to finish without that dreaded post-workout slump. However, there’s been some grumbling about delivery delays, with one user still waiting after over 2 weeks [5].

>>Check the prices for Crazy Nutrition Intensive Pre-Train

3. Blackwolf Pre-Workout - Best Muscle Gain and Recovery

  (credit: FitLiving graphics team)
(credit: FitLiving graphics team)

Caffeine Per Dose: 200 mg

Cost Per Dosage: $1.66

Pros

  • Utilizes research-backed ingredients
  • Reduces oxidative stress
  • Includes free shipping
  • Enhances cognitive and neural performance
  • Offers a caffeine-free option for those sensitive to stimulants

Cons

  • Beta-alanine may cause tingling or itching sensations for some users

Key Features of Blackwolf Pre-Workout 

Blackwolf Pre-Workout is engineered with precision. It elevates energy, sharpens focus, and bolsters performance, all while speeding up muscle gain and recovery times.

Who Is Blackwolf Pre-Workout Best For?

It’s the go-to choice for fitness buffs and athletes who want a full-spectrum supplement. According to the manufacturer, Blackwolf Pre-Workout boosts your workout, enhances performance, builds endurance, and hastens recovery, all without adverse side effects.

Key Ingredients

  • 3g Creatine Monohydrate: Enhances strength and endurance during workouts. [6]
  • 2 g Betaine Anhydrous: May support muscle gains and performance.
  • 6 g L-Citrulline Malate: May enhance blood flow and increase nitric oxide levels.
  • 200 mg Caffeine Anhydrous (in select flavors): May boost energy and focus.
  • 2 g Beta-Alanine: May reduce lactic acid build-up, supporting endurance.

Dosage

Take 1 scoop with water approximately 15 minutes before starting your workout.

Feedback From Users

On the official website, most customers love the perfect blend of supplements and dosages, with the green apple flavor getting high marks for taste and mixability. It’s all about that great taste and the power to push through those tough workouts [7]. For a well-rounded view, it’s worth asking your gym buddies if they’ve tried it and what they think.

>>Try Blackwolf Pre-Workout now

4. Transparent Labs Stim-Free Pre-Workout - Best Stim-Free Pre-Workout

  (credit: FitLiving graphics team)
(credit: FitLiving graphics team)

Caffeine Per Dose: 0 mg

Cost Per Dosage: $1.66

Pros

  • Provides energy without causing jitters
  • Gluten-free and non-GMO
  • Includes nootropics for enhanced focus and mental clarity
  • Free from artificial sweeteners or colors
  • Stimulant-free

Cons

  • More expensive than other brands

Key Features of Transparent Labs Stim-Free Pre-Workout 

Transparent Labs Stim-Free Pre-Workout is tailored for intense workouts without stimulants, especially nighttime training routines. It’s all about honesty, with a full reveal of its formula and doses of key ingredients.

Who Is Transparent Labs Stim-Free Pre-Workout For?

Want all that buzz without the headaches? Good news! It’s perfect for anyone wanting to amp up their workout intensity without the side effects linked to caffeine or other stimulants.

Key Ingredients

  • 1 g L-Tyrosine: May improve focus and cognitive performance, especially under stress.
  • 4 g Beta-Alanine: May delay fatigue and improve endurance during workouts.
  • 2.5 g Betaine Anhydrous: May support muscle growth and reduce fatigue.
  • 1.3 g Taurine: May assist in hydration and muscle function.
  • 8 g Citrulline Malate: May boost nitric oxide production, enhancing blood flow and muscle pumps.
  • Additional beneficial ingredients include Senactiv® for muscle recovery and BioPerine® for enhanced nutrient absorption. [8]

Dosage

For new users, take half a scoop mixed with 6-8 ounces of water 20-30 minutes before training. If desired, increase to a full scoop mixed with 12-16 ounces of water.

Feedback From Users

Transparent Labs Stim-Free Pre-Workout is sitting pretty with 4.3 out of 5 stars on Amazon from 129 global ratings. Users are saying it delivers precisely what you want—more energy without the caffeine kick [9]. Some folks think the taste is okay, but it’s clump-free and gentle on the stomach [10]. That said, a few mentioned that while they appreciate the clean formula, it does cause some noticeable stomach discomfort [11].

>>Find the best deals on Transparent Labs Stim-Free Pre-Workout

5. Transparent Labs Preseries LEAN Pre-Workout - Best Pre-Workout for Weight Loss

  (credit: FitLiving graphics team)
(credit: FitLiving graphics team)

Caffeine Per Dose: 180 mg

Cost Per Dosage: $1.66

Pros

  • Formulated to enhance fat loss
  • Features a comprehensive ingredient profile
  • Non-GMO and gluten-free
  • Free from artificial sweeteners or coloring
  • Increases endurance

Cons

  • Beta-alanine may cause a harmless tingling sensation
  • People sensitive to caffeine may need to adjust their dosage accordingly

Key Features of Transparent Labs Preseries LEAN Pre-Workout 

Transparent Labs Preseries LEAN Pre-Workout is made for those who want to burn fat while growing lean muscle. It’s loaded with strong ingredients that support muscle growth and boost stamina, concentration, and energy.

Who Is Transparent Labs Preseries LEAN Pre-Workout Best For?

It’s the best pre-workout drink for athletes and fitness enthusiasts who aim to shed weight and maintain muscle. The comprehensive formula is designed to fuel intense workouts and help you sculpt a leaner body while keeping muscle endurance high.

Key Ingredients

  • 2 g Beta-Alanine: May elevate muscle carnosine levels, delaying fatigue.
  • 1.5 g Betaine Anhydrous: May promote muscle growth and help reduce fatigue.
  • 1 g Acetyl L-Carnitine: Assists in transporting fat into the mitochondria for energy production. [12]
  • 6 g Citrulline Malate: May boost nitric oxide production, enhancing strength and endurance.
  • 0.18 g PurCaf® Organic Caffeine: Delivers a natural energy boost without causing jitteriness.

Dosage

Take 1/2 scoop with 8-10 ounces of water to evaluate tolerance. Then, take 1 full scoop 20-30 minutes before training for greater intensity. Do not exceed 2 scoops per day.

Feedback From Users

LEAN Pre-Workout has users on Amazon who are buzzing with mixed feelings. On the one hand, folks love the gym performance boost, solid pumps, and the strong, jitter-free energy it brings [13]. Many also call it one of the best-tasting pre-workout options across their product line [14]. But a few aren’t thrilled, finding the flavor less appealing [15].

>>Get a taste of Transparent Labs Preseries LEAN Pre-Workout 

6. Performance Lab Pre Lab Pro - Fast Results

  (credit: FitLiving graphics team)
(credit: FitLiving graphics team)

Caffeine Per Dose: 80 mg

Cost Per Dosage: $2.95

Pros

  • Should start working in around 15-30 minutes
  • Vegan friendly
  • Boosts motivation during intense sessions
  • Third-party tested and validated by Clean Label Project and Informed Sport

Cons

  • Only available in natural berry flavor

Key Features of Performance Lab Pre Lab Pro 

Performance Lab Pre Lab Pro kicks in within 15-30 minutes, and here's what you can expect: first, it primes your muscles with a powerful 2X Nitric Oxide (NOx) surge, helping you squeeze every bit of benefit from your workout. Plus, it’s got nootropic-enhanced caffeine, dosed just right at 80 mg—perfect for a boost, but something to keep in mind if you’re caffeine-sensitive.

Who Is Performance Lab Pre Lab Pro Best For?

Performance Lab Pre Lab Pro is perfect for anyone looking for quick, effective results, no matter the training program. Whether you’re into strength and high-intensity training, long-distance running, or endurance workouts, this pre-workout supports all your fitness goals and keeps you pushing your limits.

Key Ingredients

  • 1500 mg Red Beetroot Powder: Enhances stamina and endurance by improving blood flow and oxygen delivery to muscles due to its high nitrate content [16].
  • 500 mg Himalayan Pink Salt: Provides trace minerals and helps maintain proper hydration and electrolyte balance, which is crucial during intense workouts.
  • 80 mg Natural Caffeine: Boosts energy levels and increases alertness, helping to maximize workout performance and endurance.
  • 160 mg L-Theanine: Works synergistically with caffeine to enhance focus and mental clarity while reducing the jittery side effects often associated with stimulants.

Dosage

For the perfect Performance Lab Pre Lab Pro dose, just add 1 scoop to 300 ml of water. Give it a good shake in your shaker bottle—no blender needed. Sip it 15-30 minutes before your workout, and you’re good to go.

Feedback From Users

Many on the official website are thrilled with how it helps them maximize their workout sessions—staying alert, focused, and intense without the jitters or any crash. Some users love it, but not everyone’s a fan of the taste, with one person mentioning they couldn’t even drink it. So, it’s a winner for performance, but the flavor might be hit or miss [17].

>>Get fast results with Performance Lab Pre Lab Pro

7. Naked Nutrition’s Naked Energy Pre-Workout - Best for Vegans

  (credit: FitLiving graphics team)
(credit: FitLiving graphics team)

Caffeine Per Dose: 200 mg

Cost Per Dosage: $1.49

Pros

  • Ingredients are third-party tested
  • Suitable for vegans
  • Free from additives or artificial sweeteners
  • Formulated to enhance energy, strength, and power

Cons

  • Pricey
  • Few flavor options available

Key Features of Naked Nutrition’s Naked Energy Pre-Workout Supplement 

Naked Nutrition Pre-Workout Supplement shines with its vegan formula. According to the manufacturer, it includes only top-tier, non-GMO compounds to enhance your workout energy, strength, and power without the negative side effects.

Who Is Naked Nutrition’s Naked Energy Pre-Workout Supplement Best For?

It’s tailored for those who value a vegan, potent pre-workout lift. Vegans and anyone who chooses products without additives will find it especially fitting.

Key Ingredients

The key ingredients include:

  • 200 mg Caffeine: For increased energy
  • 1 g Creatine monohydrate: For improved strength and power
  • 1 g & 2 g L-arginine and Beta-alanine: May support endurance and recovery

Dosage

Take 1 scoop of the supplement with water 20-30 minutes before your workout.

Feedback From Users

Amazon reviewers love that it’s free from sucralose, doesn’t give them the jitters, and still packs a solid energy punch [18]. Many appreciate the lack of added sugar, even if the taste isn’t exactly a treat—some say it’s tolerable [19]. Conversely, others warn that you might want something handy to wash it down with [20]. So, it works like a charm, but the flavor? Not so much.

>>Get your vegan supplement-try Naked Nutrition’s Naked Energy Pre-Workout

Do Pre-Workouts Work?

Multi-ingredient pre-workouts work based on your metabolism and blood circulation. You can have all the best ingredients, like creatine, caffeine, and beta-alanine. Still, they’re all useless if your body cannot metabolize them efficiently so that they won’t enter your bloodstream quickly. Poor absorption and circulation means an ineffective pre-workout formula. 

That is why the brands on our list of the best pre-workout products have ingredients reputed to be quickly and efficiently absorbed or have a specific ingredient designed to enhance absorption, like BioPerine.

How to Pick a Pre-Workout

Choosing the best pre-workout powder can be daunting, with so many options available. Lucky for you, we’ve done the research and gathered honest reviews from people who use pre-workouts. 

Ingredients and Dosage

Check the label for crucial workout support ingredients like citrulline malate, beta-alanine, caffeine, and creatine. Make sure they’re present in adequate amounts.

Pricing

Pre-workout prices vary widely. More expensive ones often have better ingredients and dosages, but you can find more affordable, effective ones with keen research.

Stimulant Content

If you’re sensitive to stimulants, look for the best pre-workout supplement without caffeine or other stimulants. 

Third-Party Testing

When choosing a pre-workout supplement, look for products that have undergone third-party testing. A third-party tester is unbiased regarding quality and safety.

User Reviews

Look at what others are saying, especially real users of the product. Reviews of the best pre-workout on Reddit, Amazon, or the brand's website can illuminate pre-workout effectiveness and potential side effects.

>>Check out XWERKS Ignite

What Are the Benefits of Pre-Workouts?

What can you actually expect from taking the best pre-workout supplements? Here are some of them:

  • Improved Focus: Many pre-workouts contain ingredients that enhance mental focus, keeping you focused during training sessions.
  • Faster Recovery: Certain pre-workout ingredients can aid in quicker recovery after exercise, reducing muscle soreness and facilitating a more rapid return to the gym.
  • Increased Energy: Pre-workouts often include caffeine to boost energy in your workout.
  • Better Pump: The best pump pre-workout includes ingredients that increase nitric oxide production, improve muscle blood flow, and support a better vascularity during exercise.
  • Enhanced Endurance: Ingredients like beta-alanine and citrulline malate may reduce muscle fatigue, allowing for more intense workouts for longer.

Possible Side Effects of Using Pre-Workouts

To the surprise of no one, the best pre-workout products aren’t all rainbows and butterflies. Although they are generally well-tolerated by healthy adults, they can cause side effects in certain people. These may include:

  • Digestive Issues: Some people may experience stomach upset, diarrhea, or other digestive discomfort after pre-workouts.
  • Sleep Disturbances: Taking a pre-workout too close to bedtime, mainly if it contains caffeine, can disrupt sleep patterns.
  • High Blood Pressure: Certain ingredients in pre-workout supplements can elevate blood pressure. If you have high blood pressure, consult your doctor before using a pre-workout supplement.
  • Jitters or Restlessness: Often caused by the caffeine content in many pre-workouts.
  • Creatine Itch: At higher doses especially during the loading phase, creatine may cause a tingling sensation in the muscles. While it's not a serious side effect, it can be uncomfortable for some people and they may want to consider other best pre-workout without creatine.

How We Ranked the Best Pre-Workout Supplements

We’re committed to finding the best pre-workout supplements for you. We examine not only what’s inside each product but also the science behind its effectiveness.

Efficacy

Here’s how we determine if a pre-workout is the real deal: We check the ingredients and look at the research. If science gives a thumbs up, so do we.

Value for Money

You want your money’s worth, right? So, we compare the cost with the number of workouts you’ll get from it. More workouts per buck spent means a better deal.

Customer Experience

We listen to what people say about each pre-workout. Did it give them a boost? Was there a weird aftertaste? We take all that into account to help you choose.

Safety and Side Effects

Your safety always comes first. We investigate the side effects, and if there’s a red flag regarding the post-use effects, we’ll find it.

FAQs About the Best Pre-Workout Supplements

We’ve got the scoop (pun intended) on the most burning questions about the best pre-workout products. Here’s the lowdown for folks like you looking for the straight facts.

What Is the Best Pre-Workout?

It depends on your individual needs and goals as there's no one-size-fits-all answer. Our list includes the best options based on individual needs like energy and focus, muscle gain and recovery, caffeine-free, weight loss, and a lot more.

What Is Dry Scooping Pre-Workout Powder?

Dry scooping is like taking a shortcut by swallowing the powder dry. But it’s not the best idea—it could be a choking hazard or upset your stomach. Not to mention, you risk overloading your system with ingredients designed to be diluted first.

Are Pre-Workouts Bad for You?

The best pre-workout supplements are generally well-tolerated when used as directed. That said, like any supplement, they can have potential side effects, especially if you're sensitive to certain ingredients or take them in excessive amounts.

Can You Take Pre-Workouts Every Day?

It’s not a one-size-fits-all answer. Your body’s reaction to stimulants and your workout goals play a big part. The best way to go is to follow the instructions on the label and consult with your doctor when in doubt. Just remember, taking a break from a pre-workout occasionally (called cycling) is critical to breaking dependence. During breaks you can still take any of the best pre-workout snacks like oatmeal with fruit and nuts.

Are Pre-Workouts Safe for Women?

Contrary to popular belief, women can also use any pre-workout product. And just like the best pre-workout for men, there are no unique nutritional requirements for women. Just read the label of the best pre-workout for women you’re considering. Also, remember to combine it with the best natural workout routine you enjoy, like running or dancing.

What Is the Best Pre-Workout for Energy?

Based on our review, Crazy Nutrition Intensive Pre-Train takes that award. But check the ingredient list to see if you’re sensitive to anything before trying it.

What Is the Strongest Caffeine Pre-Workout?

Most of the best pre-workout supplements, like XWERKS Ignite, contain 150 to 300 mg of caffeine, which can turbocharge your training session. The question is, can or should you take that much? There is such a thing as caffeine dependence. It’s not addictive, but it will make you feel sluggish without it if you’re used to getting upwards of 300 mg per workout. 

What Is America’s Best Pre-Workout Brand?

While XWERKS is our #1 option, the best one for you will vary based on your preferences, goals, and sensitivities. Other reputable brands offering high-quality pre-workout supplements on our list include Crazy Nutrition, Blackwolf, and Transparent Labs.

Do Bodybuilders Use Pre-Workouts?

Yes, many bodybuilders use pre-workout supplements to enhance energy, focus, and muscle pumps, which can be beneficial for intense workouts. But you should always keep in mind that pre-workouts are not a substitute for proper nutrition, training, and rest.

Our Verdict on the Best Pre-Workout

After thoroughly reviewing the 7 best pre-workout supplements, it's clear that choosing the right one can significantly impact your energy levels, endurance, and overall workout performance. XWERKS Ignite claimed the #1 spot, offering a balanced blend ideal for those seeking a comprehensive and effective pre-workout boost. Crazy Nutrition Intensive Pre-Train, which includes 13 natural ingredients formulated to support energy and focus, took second place. 

So, whether you’re an elite athlete or simply looking to push past that pre-workout fatigue, one of these top-ranked supplements could be the key to unlocking your peak performance.

>>Check out XWERKS Ignite

References

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  2. “Check out This Amazon Review of Xwerks Ignite Orange Pre Workout Powder - Best Natural Keto Pre-Workout for Women and Men with Explosive Energy - Gluten Free Preworkout Blend for Endurance and Stamina - 150 Mg Caffeine 30 Servings.” Amazon.Com, https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/review/B06XYQ8J4W/R1P0FXBWT5O884?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B06XYQ8KH1. Accessed 19 Aug. 2024.
  3. “Check out This Amazon Review of Xwerks Ignite Orange Pre Workout Powder - Best Natural Keto Pre-Workout for Women and Men with Explosive Energy - Gluten Free Preworkout Blend for Endurance and Stamina - 150 Mg Caffeine 30 Servings.” Amazon.Com, https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/review/B06XYTR4SV/R2W6M2LL72S7SH?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B06XYQ8KH1. Accessed 19 Aug. 2024.
  4. “Check out This Amazon Review of Xwerks Ignite Orange Pre Workout Powder - Best Natural Keto Pre-Workout for Women and Men with Explosive Energy - Gluten Free Preworkout Blend for Endurance and Stamina - 150 Mg Caffeine 30 Servings.” Amazon.Com, https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/review/B07WV6FGM2/RPUYC36GUQ83D?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B06XYQ8KH1. Accessed 19 Aug. 2024.
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  7. “Blackwolf - Discover The New BlackWolf Pre-Workout Formula.” HealthNutrition, https://healthnutrition.com/products/blackwolf. Accessed 19 Aug. 2024.
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  10. “Check out This Amazon Review of Transparent Labs Stim-Free Pre-Workout - Caffeine & Stim Free Pre Workout Powder for Men and Women with Beta Alanine Powder, Citrulline Malate, & ElevATP - 30 Servings, Tropical Punch.” Amazon.Com, https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/review/B0CHN3W4V7/R3FQLCP0QLCVAD?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B0CM9SGCV8. Accessed 19 Aug. 2024.
  11. “Check out This Amazon Review of Transparent Labs Stim-Free Pre-Workout - Caffeine & Stim Free Pre Workout Powder for Men and Women with Beta Alanine Powder, Citrulline Malate, & ElevATP - 30 Servings, Tropical Punch.” Amazon.Com, https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/review/B0CHN2Y8F4/RI0JHSKG7V2T9?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B0CM9SGCV8. Accessed 19 Aug. 2024.
  12. Koozehchian, M. S., Daneshfar, A., Fallah, E., Agha-Alinejad, H., Samadi, M., Kaviani, M., Kaveh B, M., Jung, Y. P., Sablouei, M. H., Moradi, N., Earnest, C. P., Chandler, T. J., & Kreider, R. B. (2018). Effects of nine weeks L-Carnitine supplementation on exercise performance, anaerobic power, and exercise-induced oxidative stress in resistance-trained males. Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry, 22(4), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.20463/jenb.2018.0026
  13. “Check out This Amazon Review of Transparent Labs Lean Pre-Workout - Body Recomposition Pre Workout for Men and Women with Acetyl L-Carnitine, Beta Alanine Powder, & PurCaf Organic Caffeine Powder - 30 Servings, Orange.” Amazon.Com, https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/review/B0CS3QLR11/R3VHFH6YEGD3RZ?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B0CHN4K53L. Accessed 19 Aug. 2024.
  14. “Check out This Amazon Review of Transparent Labs Lean Pre-Workout - Body Recomposition Pre Workout for Men and Women with Acetyl L-Carnitine, Beta Alanine Powder, & PurCaf Organic Caffeine Powder - 30 Servings, Orange.” Amazon.Com, https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/review/B0CHN4K53L/R1PKSU49R8E8Y4?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B0CHN4K53L. Accessed 19 Aug. 2024.
  15. “Check out This Amazon Review of Transparent Labs Lean Pre-Workout - Body Recomposition Pre Workout for Men and Women with Acetyl L-Carnitine, Beta Alanine Powder, & PurCaf Organic Caffeine Powder - 30 Servings, Orange.” Amazon.Com, https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/review/B0CS3TB95J/R1SDTJO7VIYHPB?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B0CHN4K53L. Accessed 19 Aug. 2024.
  16. Delleli, Slaheddine, et al. “Does Beetroot Supplementation Improve Performance in Combat Sports Athletes? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.” Nutrients, vol. 15, no. 2, 2023, p. 398, doi:10.3390/nu15020398.
  17. Performance Lab. “Pre Lab Pro®.” Performance Lab®, https://www.performancelab.com/products/pre-lab-pro. Accessed 19 Aug. 2024.
  18. “Check out This Amazon Review of NAKED Energy - Pure Pre Workout Powder for Men and Women, Vegan, Unflavored, Healthy Pre Workout - No Added Sweeteners, Colors Or Flavors - 50 Servings.” Amazon.Com, https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/review/B09S35BYSD/R20I4VD8A8ZV35?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B071ZDD3HL. Accessed 19 Aug. 2024.
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