Recent archaeological excavations in Delbrück-Bentfeld, in the Paderborn district of northwestern Germany revealed Roman-era farmsteads. Initially thought to be an isolated farmstead discovered in 2017, the site revealed more complex settlement patterns, including the discovery of additional ancient farmsteads. This suggests a much larger settlement that thrived between the first and third centuries CE.
The ongoing excavation uncovered a variety of artifacts, including knives, jewelry, and ceramic fragments, illustrating the cultural exchanges that occurred between the Romans and the indigenous populations. Among the artifacts discovered is a finely crafted cameo gemstone depicting Mercury, the Roman god of commerce and travel, holding a money pouch in one hand and a caduceus in the other, along with his characteristic helmet.
Excavations of the farmsteads led to the discovery of several artifacts, including coins and ceramic materials dating to the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE. The presence of Roman coins and ceramics, alongside local artifacts, suggests a blending of cultures that enriched the region's history. Specialists believe the gem was originally set and probably attached to a ring, serving as evidence of continued trade between local inhabitants and regions under imperial rule, even after the withdrawal of the legions.
One of the findings is an iron knife found at the site, measuring nearly eight inches long and wrapped with brass stripes. The knife was discovered in the ground of a small underground building at the western edge of the settlement, buried with the blade facing upwards but placed in a way that posed no danger to someone approaching. Researchers believe the knife may have been part of a ritual offering to ward off evil, as they investigate whether its burial had a symbolic purpose for the protection of the building. The knife, believed to have originated from the Roman Empire, reinforces the idea of the persistence of cultural and commercial contacts between Germanic populations and the Romans.
Local officials, including Delbrück's mayor, Werner Peitz, expressed excitement over the discoveries and are closely monitoring the progress of the excavations, emphasizing the importance of preserving historical findings. "The archaeological excavations in the construction area expansion Schafbreite give us a unique insight into the past. Each find preserves a piece of history for future generations and brings us closer to the living world of our ancestors," said Peitz, according to Archaeologie Online.
Among the notable findings is a residential building at the center of a large courtyard, with numerous post holes indicating its structure. "In the center of the farm stood the residential house, of which numerous former post holes are still darkly discolored and recognizable in the ground," explained excavation leader Sven Knippschild, as reported by Archaeologie Online. The team also uncovered the remains of a furnace near a residential house, suggesting that the community was engaged in metallurgy, particularly bronze casting for the production of ornaments.
Dr. Sven Spiong, an archaeologist involved in the project, explained that the research aimed to clarify whether the different farms coexisted simultaneously or if they were part of a single estate that was relocated at least twice due to the natural deterioration of its wooden structures. "This will answer key research questions about the settlements," he noted. The Lippe River basin, where the site is located, contains multiple traces of settlements from the first centuries CE, indicating a complex network of villages along the river.
Current work at the site confirmed more activity in the Delbrück-Bentfeld area than previously assumed, with surface finds indicating that the settlement extended further west beyond the planned construction area. Discolorations in the ground indicate that wells were originally lined with wood to make them easier to use, demonstrating the settlers' ingenuity in accessing drinking water, which was fundamental for the life of the settlement.
The ongoing excavations led by the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe (LWL) uncovered at least three agricultural settlements near the ancient Roman camp of Anreppen, providing new evidence about life in the region during the early centuries of our era. These discoveries challenge previous assumptions about the extent of Roman influence in the region and indicate extensive Roman activity and a complex interaction between Roman settlers and local populations. The findings also suggest that interactions with local populations persisted for at least two centuries after the Romans abandoned their camp.
After their restoration, the discovered coins, in conjunction with the ceramics, will provide a good basis for the precise dating of the farms and settlements. Archaeologists also discovered many coins in various areas of the excavation, contributing to the understanding of the economic activities that may have taken place in the remote settlement. The presence of fragments from the walls of a furnace, which had vitrified due to heat and metallic residues, confirms the existence of craft activity such as bronze casting.
The article was written with the assistance of a news analysis system.