The disaster began midday on August 24 or October 24, 79 CE, when Mount Vesuvius erupted, sending a cloud of volcanic fragments and gas into the air.
The event, described by scientists as "very rare, beautiful, and even a bit strange," involved a cold prominence rich in neutral hydrogen that was released and scattered throughout the corona.
Kumani Bank mud volcano has produced transient islands multiple times since its first recorded eruption in 1861.
Hundreds of engraved sun stones were discovered in ceremonial sites, indicating a ritual response to climate catastrophe.
In the year 536 CE, a series of volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere unleashed ash and sulfur gases into the atmosphere, enshrouding the globe in a veil that blocked sunlight.
The eruption led to a global temperature drop of about 1°C, causing famines and crop failures, especially in Asia.
The flare could supercharge auroras on Earth, providing a spectacular display for New Year celebrations.
In 1980, the eruption of Mount St. Helens devastated local ecosystems, covering 22,000 square miles with 540 million tons of ash and turning the landscape barren.
JPOST Digital Library
