Mali's director of military justice Colonel Boubacar Maiga said that an investigation was already underway.
It is still unclear exactly who was responsible for the bombing, because no group has claimed responsibility for the attack.
For a decade, offensive efforts have failed to stop an Islamist insurgency that has killed thousands and displaced millions.
The doctor was taken from his car in the town of Menaka, where Jihadist groups linked to al Qaeda and Islamic State are active.
The killings happened against the background of an Islamist insurgency spreading from Burkina Faso's neighbouring Mali.