Spinoza

'Spinoza: Freedom’s Messiah': Paving the way for secular Jewish identity - review

Beyond his contributions to philosophy, Spinoza helped pioneer secular scholarship of the Bible by stressing its human authorship.

 PROBABLE PORTRAIT of Spinoza by Barend Graat, 1666
 Artist Itamar Mendes Flohr

Why the new Spinoza documentary is especially relevant today

Philosopher Baruch Spinoza

Spinoza's father was a loyal son of Israel, unlike his son - opinion

Baruch Spinoza, born November 24, 1632 and died February 21, 1677

Jewish Spinoza expert named ‘persona non grata’ in Amsterdam’s synagogue


In search of the original Spinoza

For many, Spinoza is iconic, a “secular saint,” combining his herculean efforts to understand the world by methodical reasoning with the humble life.

Kunstzalen A. Vecht’s ‘A Man before a Sculpture,’ Amsterdam

The rite of circumcision

'The remarkable capacity of the Jewish nation to outlive all its enemies may quite well be the result of this small physical intervention.'

Protesters wearing overalls daubed with red paint on the genital area demonstrate against male circumcision in 2012 in front of the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin.

The persistent survival of Jewish hopes

Simon Schama reveals some basic truths of Jewish history.

‘EXPULSION OF the Jews in 1497,’ a 1917 watercolor by Alfredo Roque Gameiro

What would Spinoza say?

Philosophy and comics team up to tell the story of one 17th-century thinker who, though despised in his own time, may be an antidote for today's ills.

page from Prof. Steve Nadler’s book depicts the 1656 ban against the 17th-century philosopher Baruch de Spinoza.