Thousands of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) supporters, led by Bushra Bibi—the wife of jailed former Prime Minister Imran Khan—and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Chief Minister Ali Amin Gandapur, converged on Islamabad on Tuesday.
The demonstrators demanded Khan’s release and protested recent political developments, leading to clashes with police in Islamabad’s Red Zone that resulted in casualties on both sides.
The Red Zone is a high-security area housing Pakistan's key government institutions, including the Parliament, Supreme Court, President's House, Prime Minister's Secretariat, and various federal ministries.
Ali Amin Gandapur addressed the crowd at D-Chowk (Democracy Square), a prominent roundabout within the Red Zone that is a traditional site for political protests and demonstrations, stating, “Imran Khan has not permitted us to move beyond D-Chowk. We will strictly follow his instructions.” Despite this, the protest escalated as PTI supporters attempted to advance, prompting security forces to respond with tear gas and, according to PTI claims, live ammunition.
The PTI alleges that after two days of heavy tear gas shelling, protesters were fired upon, resulting in the deaths of two party workers and injuries to over two dozen others. The government has not stated these claims. Police sources reported that one officer was killed and dozens injured during clashes in Attock. Punjab Police stated that over 4,000 Khan supporters, including five parliamentarians, have been detained.
Amid the unrest, Pakistan Army’s Quick Response Teams were deployed in the federal capital to maintain order. PTI accused the government of intentionally escalating tensions and provoking conflict. “The government is committed to upholding the law,” said Federal Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi. “No one will be allowed to stage protests or sit-ins in Islamabad. Individuals coming for the sit-in would be held responsible for their actions.”
Legal troubles and political turmoil
Bushra Bibi is currently embroiled in seven court cases over alleged controversial remarks about Saudi Arabia. These cases have been filed under the Telegraph Act and other legal provisions in Pakistan’s constitution. After securing bail following nearly nine months in prison, Bibi claimed that “no one has ever explained why so many forces have risen against Imran Khan. Saudis were displeased with Imran Khan’s decision to walk barefoot in the holy cities of Mecca and Medina.”
Her remarks drew sharp criticism from current Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, who warned against spreading propaganda that could harm Pakistan’s close ties with Saudi Arabia. “Saudi Arabia has always stood by Pakistan during difficult times, offering unwavering support without expecting anything in return,” Sharif emphasized.
Khan’s official accounts responded by asserting that attempts to misrepresent Bushra Bibi’s statements are misleading and aimed at diverting the nation’s attention. “General Bajwa was involved in all conspiracies against our government,” the statement alleged, referring to former Army Chief Gen. Qamar Javed Bajwa.
Protests amid tight security
The protests come as Khan remains incarcerated on multiple charges. Demonstrators are demanding his release, an investigation into the alleged “stolen mandate” of the February 8, 2024 elections, and the repeal of the 26th Constitutional Amendment, which has granted politicians increased authority in appointing top judges—raising concerns over judicial independence.
Despite a ban on public gatherings and a recent Islamabad High Court ruling attempting to halt PTI’s protests, party leadership instructed supporters to reach the capital by any means necessary. In response, Islamabad police blocked major routes into the city using shipping containers, and for the first time in history, all of the country’s motorways were closed. Large trenches were also dug at various points to impede PTI convoys.
Critics argue that these measures were intended to prevent PTI supporters from entering Islamabad, while officials claim the closures were for maintenance and public safety. The National Highways and Motorway Police stated, “To ensure public safety and prevent any unforeseen incidents, several sections of the motorways have been closed.”
Government denies negotiations
Rumors have circulated about backdoor negotiations between the federal government and Imran Khan. Syed Zulfiqar Ali Bokhari, a senior PTI leader in exile, told The Media Line that the goal of negotiations is to find common ground. “It’s not necessary for our demands to be fully accepted, nor theirs,” he said. “If Imran Khan is released, our other two demands will likely be addressed automatically. However, the release of Imran Khan is the party’s top priority.”
Federal authorities have denied any such contact. Attaullah Tarar, the federal information and broadcasting minister, stated, “There are currently no ongoing discussions or negotiations being held with the PTI party, neither at a high level nor at any other level. It is essential to dispel any doubt or confusion regarding the matter.”
Tarar also warned that “anyone engaging in protest activities will face legal consequences,” affirming that the government would not hesitate to make arrests to maintain law and order.
International response and broader implications
The United States has addressed the ongoing protests, emphasizing the importance of peaceful demonstrations and adherence to human rights. State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller said, “We call on the protesters to protest peacefully and to refrain from violence. At the same time, we also call on the Pakistani authorities to respect human rights and fundamental freedoms.” The US Embassy in Islamabad issued a security alert for Americans, urging them to avoid gatherings.
Pakistan is grappling with severe political turmoil, marked by escalating divisions, widespread protests, and contentious legal battles. Imran Khan has emerged as a polarizing figure, with his leadership and ongoing legal challenges adding to the fragile political landscape.
Analysts warn that persistent instability affects not just the political domain but also has a ripple effect on the economy and public confidence in state institutions. Amir Wazir, a political analyst based in Rawalpindi, told The Media Line, “This situation poses a substantial challenge to governance, with questions looming over Pakistan’s future direction and its ability to achieve political cohesion.”
Saudi Arabia’s role and bilateral relations
Saudi Arabia has historically held a significant position in Pakistan’s political landscape, often serving as a key player during pivotal moments. Alleged remarks by Bushra Bibi referencing Saudi Arabia have sparked fresh debate amid the current political turmoil. While the extent to which her remarks might affect Pakistan’s relations with Saudi Arabia remains uncertain, both nations have historically navigated sensitive moments with pragmatism.
Wazir suggested that Pakistan could stabilize its political climate and solidify its standing on the global stage by addressing internal conflicts. “The leadership must prioritize restoring public trust, addressing the grievances of opposition groups, and fostering a sense of unity to mitigate further polarization,” he said.
Economic impact and public discontent
The protests and government measures have taken a toll on the economy. Kashif Chaudhary, president of the National Organization of Traders and Pakistan Business Forum, expressed concerns over the financial losses suffered by traders. “Islamabad has undergone a remarkable transformation, now resembling a ‘city of containers’ due to the presence of trenches and road closures,” Chaudhary told The Media Line.
“Shutting down educational institutions, offices, and businesses in the name of stopping protests is unjustifiable,” he added, demanding accountability for the billions of rupees lost due to road closures. He condemned the simultaneous closure of markets, hotels, restaurants, and transport hubs while imposing heavy taxes on businesses.
Escalating tensions and future outlook
As PTI convoys from various parts of the country continue to arrive in Islamabad, reports have surfaced of further clashes between PTI workers and law enforcement. The bridge connecting Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to Punjab on the GT Road has been blocked with heavy containers, and a substantial deployment of Rangers and police is stationed nearby.
Notably, Bushra Bibi and Ali Amin Gandapur led the PTI convoy from Peshawar. The convoy reportedly has machinery to remove obstacles and large industrial fans intended to counter tear gas during the protest. The situation remains tense as authorities are on high alert to manage any potential escalation.
Analysts caution that the government’s handling of the protests could either alleviate or exacerbate the nation’s political crisis. “The success of any resolution rests on the government’s behavior in the coming days,” said Wazir. “The leadership must act immediately to address legitimate grievances, or the policy of containment will only deepen divisions.”