The bleak assessment from Moscow comes amid the disintegration of the tangle of arms control treaties which sought to slow the arms race and reduce the risk of nuclear war.
Some officials in other allied countries played down the idea that Trump's policies on Russia would disrupt intelligence cooperation that dates back decades.
Koshelev, it said, had been part of a group that had stolen $1.5 million at gunpoint from a courier at St Petersburg's Pulkovo airport in 2014.
Gal Haimovich, a 49-year-old Israeli national, was sentenced for using his international freight forwarding company to violate US export control laws.
Officials held under-the-radar US-Russia talks before Trump's inauguration to discuss Ukraine war solutions.
Marc Fogel's Russian lawyer blamed the Biden administration for the delay in his client's release.
Trump said he would discuss ways to bring an end to the Ukraine war with Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky.
Both Moscow and Washington say their citizens have been wrongfully imprisoned and their diplomats harassed increasingly as relations soured.
The Kremlin said that it had "no doubt" that Washington understood its messaging behind Thursday's attack in central Ukraine.
A Kremlin spokesperson said that Putin has "no concrete plans yet" to speak with Trump.